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　　空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)冷(leng)卻(que)(que)器(qi)(qi)是利用(yong)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)冷(leng)卻(que)(que)熱(re)流體的(de)(de)換(huan)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)。管內的(de)(de)熱(re)流體通過管壁和翅(chi)片與(yu)管外空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)進(jin)行換(huan)熱(re)，所用(yong)的(de)(de)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)通常由通風機(ji)供給。空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)冷(leng)卻(que)(que)器(qi)(qi)可(ke)用(yong)于冷(leng)卻(que)(que)或(huo)冷(leng)凝，廣泛應(ying)用(yong)于：煉油(you)、石油(you)化(hua)工塔(ta)(ta)頂蒸氣(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)冷(leng)凝；回流油(you)、塔(ta)(ta)底油(you)的(de)(de)冷(leng)卻(que)(que)；各種反應(ying)生成物的(de)(de)冷(leng)卻(que)(que)；循(xun)環氣(qi)(qi)體的(de)(de)冷(leng)卻(que)(que)和電站汽輪機(ji)排氣(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)冷(leng)凝。工作壓力可(ke)達69兆帕。但耗電量、噪聲和占地面積均大，冷(leng)卻(que)(que)受氣(qi)(qi)候變化(hua)影響較大。

　　結構

　　管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)(shu)(shu)包括傳(chuan)(chuan)熱(re)(re)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、側(ce)梁和(he)(he)橫梁等(deng)。它可按(an)臥(wo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、立式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)斜(xie)頂式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)（人字式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)）3種基本(ben)形(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)布(bu)置。其(qi)中(zhong)，臥(wo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)布(bu)置傳(chuan)(chuan)熱(re)(re)面積(ji)大，空(kong)氣分布(bu)均勻，傳(chuan)(chuan)熱(re)(re)好(hao)；斜(xie)頂布(bu)置時，通(tong)風機安裝在人字空(kong)間，占地面積(ji)小，結構(gou)緊湊。為(wei)(wei)抵(di)消(xiao)空(kong)氣側(ce)的給熱(re)(re)系數(shu)較低的影響，通(tong)常(chang)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)光(guang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)外壁裝翅(chi)(chi)(chi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)的管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)子。翅(chi)(chi)(chi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)傳(chuan)(chuan)熱(re)(re)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，可以擴大傳(chuan)(chuan)熱(re)(re)面積(ji)。翅(chi)(chi)(chi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)分層排列，其(qi)兩(liang)端用(yong)(yong)焊接或(huo)脹接方(fang)法(fa)連接在管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)上。排管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)一般為(wei)(wei)3～8排。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)(shu)(shu)系列尺寸長達(da)12米(mi)。光(guang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)外徑常(chang)為(wei)(wei)25毫(hao)米(mi)和(he)(he)38毫(hao)米(mi)，翅(chi)(chi)(chi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)高度一般取12～15毫(hao)米(mi)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)(shu)(shu)寬為(wei)(wei)100～3000毫(hao)米(mi)。翅(chi)(chi)(chi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)是空(kong)氣冷卻器(qi)的核心元件，其(qi)形(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)材料直接影響設備性(xing)能。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)子可用(yong)(yong)碳(tan)鋼、銅(tong)、鋁和(he)(he)不銹(xiu)鋼等(deng)制成；翅(chi)(chi)(chi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)材料根(gen)據使用(yong)(yong)環境和(he)(he)制造工藝來(lai)確定，大多(duo)用(yong)(yong)工業純鋁，在防腐(fu)蝕(shi)要(yao)求(qiu)很(hen)高或(huo)在制造工藝條件特(te)殊(shu)的情況下也(ye)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)銅(tong)或(huo)不銹(xiu)鋼。翅(chi)(chi)(chi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)可按(an)橫向或(huo)縱(zong)向排列。翅(chi)(chi)(chi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的基本(ben)形(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)：繞片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、鑲片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、軋片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、套片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、焊片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、橢圓管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、紊流式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)（包括輪輻式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、開(kai)槽形(xing)和(he)(he)波紋形(xing)等(deng)）。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的結構(gou)主(zhu)要(yao)有(you)法(fa)蘭式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)堵式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)集合(he)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。一般前(qian)者用(yong)(yong)于(yu)中(zhong)低壓(ya)，后(hou)兩(liang)者用(yong)(yong)于(yu)高壓(ya)。為(wei)(wei)適應管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)(shu)(shu)的熱(re)(re)膨(peng)脹，一端管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)不固(gu)定，容許沿管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)長方(fang)向位移。通(tong)風機通(tong)常(chang)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)軸流通(tong)風機。

　　通風方式

　　通(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)有鼓風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)和(he)引風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)兩種方(fang)式。①鼓風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)式：空(kong)氣(qi)先流(liu)經通(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)機(ji)后流(liu)入(ru)管束。②引風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)式：空(kong)氣(qi)先流(liu)經管束后流(liu)入(ru)通(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)機(ji)。前者(zhe)操(cao)作費用(yong)較經濟，產生的(de)(de)湍流(liu)對(dui)(dui)傳(chuan)熱(re)(re)(re)有利(li)，使用(yong)較多。后者(zhe)氣(qi)流(liu)分布均(jun)勻，有利(li)于溫(wen)(wen)度(du)控制，噪(zao)聲小，是發展(zhan)的(de)(de)方(fang)向(xiang)。熱(re)(re)(re)流(liu)體出口(kou)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)主要靠調節通(tong)(tong)過管束的(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)量來(lai)控制，即調節葉片的(de)(de)傾角、通(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)機(ji)轉速和(he)百葉窗的(de)(de)開啟程度(du)等。對(dui)(dui)冬季(ji)易凝、易凍的(de)(de)流(liu)體，可(ke)采用(yong)熱(re)(re)(re)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)循環或蒸汽加熱(re)(re)(re)的(de)(de)辦法調節流(liu)體出口(kou)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)。

　　基本形式

　　空氣冷卻器翅片(pian)管(guan)(guan)的基本形(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)有：套片(pian)式(shi)(shi)(shi)、繞片(pian)式(shi)(shi)(shi)、軋片(pian)式(shi)(shi)(shi)、焊片(pian)式(shi)(shi)(shi)、橢圓管(guan)(guan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)、鑲片(pian)式(shi)(shi)(shi)、紊流式(shi)(shi)(shi)、輪輻式(shi)(shi)(shi)、開槽形(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)波(bo)紋形(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)。空氣冷卻器的管(guan)(guan)箱結構主要(yao)有法蘭式(shi)(shi)(shi)、管(guan)(guan)堵式(shi)(shi)(shi)和集(ji)合管(guan)(guan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)。一般(ban)法蘭式(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)于中低壓，管(guan)(guan)堵式(shi)(shi)(shi)和集(ji)合管(guan)(guan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)于高壓。